Photovoltaic systems are systems that generate electrical energy through solar radiation. The energy is captured by photovoltaic modules that can be installed on residential or commercial roofs, or on the ground.
The types of photovoltaic systems can be divided into three groups: on-grid (connected to the power grid), off-grid (system isolated from the power grid) and hybrid.
The benefits are countless, such as generating energy from a clean source, saving on your electricity bill and contributing to a more sustainable world.
A survey released in 2024 by the Datafolha Institute revealed that 89% of Brazilians are willing to install solar energy systems in their homes to combat climate change.
Contribute to the environment, have a source of electricity through a renewable source and still save on your electricity bill?
The option is photovoltaic solar energy, which is an increasingly affordable investment due to its popularity and scope. A great opportunity for the consumer and the planet!
What are photovoltaic systems and how do they work?
Photovoltaic system installed in the industrial area. Photo: ITSolar/Disclosure
Photovoltaic systems are systems capable of transforming solar energy, through solar radiation, into electrical energy. These systems can be installed in most properties, such as homes, businesses, industries and rural properties.
The radiation captured by photovoltaic s is converted into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect. This energy is generated in direct current (DC) and then converted to alternating current (AC) for use in homes and businesses. The energy conversion is done by photovoltaic inverters.
A photovoltaic system brings together the components that are responsible for protecting and converting solar energy into electrical energy, the main ones being:
- Photovoltaic modules;
- Inverters;
- String box or Combiner box;
- Alternating current protection ;
- Connectors and cabling;
- Fixing systems.
But what are these components and what are their functions?
The photovoltaic module is the equipment that aims to convert sunlight into electrical energy. It is basically made up of special glass, a junction box, an aluminum frame, photovoltaic cells and a backsheet.
O investor is a device that converts the energy generated by photovoltaic modules from direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC).
It can be used for both on-grid and off-grid systems, both of which convert the energy coming from the photovoltaic modules so that it can be used for different socket loads. The difference between them is that off-grid is not connected to the local utility company.
The string box or combiner box (protection ) is a box whose main function is to protect the direct current side against overcurrent and short circuits. The component is installed between the photovoltaic modules and the inverter.
The main purpose of the AC protection – also known as the low voltage general (QGBT) – is to protect the AC side against overvoltages and short circuits. The component is installed between the inverter and its electrical connection point.
Connectors are devices that connect cables to their respective connection points. Their use ensures safe operation and good electrical continuity.
There are several types of connectors, both for DC circuits and AC circuits, each of which will be specific to each type of connection.
The fixing system is a set of mechanical elements used to fix the photovoltaic modules to their installation point, which can be a roof or even the ground.
They must be resistant to the weather conditions in order to keep the photovoltaic modules intact. Metal structures, fixing clamps, screws, washers and other structures used to fix the photovoltaic system.
What are the types of photovoltaic systems?
There are three different types of photovoltaic systems, find out what they are and how they work:
- on-grid (connected to the grid);
- off-grid (system isolated from the electrical grid);
- hybrid
On-grid system
The system connected to the network, or on-grid, is connected to the public electricity distribution grid and works as follows: the photovoltaic modules capture the sun's energy and convert it into direct current electricity. The energy generated – after being converted into alternating current by the inverter – is injected into the connection point with the electricity grid and is used for the instantaneous consumption of the consumer unit's loads, or if injected into the concessionaire's electricity grid, it becomes credit to be deducted from the energy bill. .
Off-grid system
The system off-grid It is not connected to the electricity grid, so it is recommended for isolated communities or in rural areas, places where there are generally no electricity transmission lines.
Excess energy can be stored in batteries to be used during periods of low solar radiation and at night.
The system produces electrical energy through photovoltaic modules and stores it in batteries. The electrical energy stored in the battery can be used to power loads at night or on days with low radiation.
The fundamental equipment for this type of system are: photovoltaic modules, inverters to control the charging/discharging of the batteries, inverters to convert direct current into alternating current (some inverters have the combined function of an inverter for charging/discharging the battery and converting direct current into alternating current for the loads) and batteries.
Hybrid system
There is also a hybrid system that is connected to the power grid and also has the functionality of storing energy in batteries. This ensures the continuity of the supply of electricity to the consumer's essential equipment.
Hybrid systems can be used for several other energy storage strategies, such as demand control (peak shaving), time of use control, among others.
For example, when the distributor's network is available, the system will operate normally as an on-grid system, supplying the loads and injecting the surplus into the network.
If the distributor's network stops transmitting energy, the system will be able to power backup loads with the energy stored in the batteries.
Advantages of photovoltaic systems
Reduction in energy bill
Regardless of the photovoltaic system installed, the consumer will make the investment worthwhile as solar modules have an average lifespan of 25 years and, even after this period, can generate around 80% of their generation capacity.
The on-grid system is more suitable for those who live in urban areas and can use the electrical grid system. The off-grid system is suitable for remote or rural areas, as there is often no transmission grid in these locations.
In the on-grid system, the kit installation is cheaper than in other systems. The excess credit can be deducted from the energy bill. The credits generated can reduce the energy bill or can be converted into discounts to be used within 60 months.
According to Solfácil, a credit fintech, the investment for installing an off-grid system is higher, however, there is no cost with the electricity bill, as the system is independent.
Independence from the power grid
On-grid, off-grid and hybrid systems are independent from the electrical grid in different ways.
The on-grid system generates energy by being connected to the electricity grid and has the advantage of generating credits that can be transferred to other properties in the same location.
In the off-grid system, the system operates autonomously, the electrical energy is stored in batteries. Therefore, the energy production is completely independent of the concessionaire's electrical grid, which guarantees the supply of electricity throughout the day.
In the case of hybrid systems, not being subject to the weather conditions of the power transmission system is a great advantage, because when there is a power outage in the power grid, the battery maintains the continuity of the electricity supply.
Return on Investment
When a solar system is installed on a property, the return on this investment is around 2 to 5 years, depending on the size and specificities of each project.
Furthermore, it is important to highlight not only the financial return that the project will have, but the many other advantages of having a photovoltaic system in your home.
It is important to note that a property with solar energy is more valuable than one that does not. The increase in value is the result of the economic and environmental benefits provided by the source.
Solar s also provide a modern look to properties and the demand for this investment is increasing as the search for savings and a source of self-generation of electricity is becoming more and more a desire among Brazilians.
The resident will generate their own energy and will not be consuming an extra area of land for this, since these modules are located on their roof, and will have a sustainable home.
Where can I learn more about photovoltaic systems?
If you've come this far, it's because you're very interested in photovoltaic systems. Did you know that we have courses that can qualify you for the solar energy market? us by this email link and leverage your entry into this market that is so promising and so hot.
Conclusion
Now that you know what photovoltaic systems are, their importance, types, their impact on sustainability and their importance for generating savings, talk to the consultants at Canal Solar and discover the best courses for you!
Boost your career and contribute to mitigating climate change by investing in your knowledge and entering the photovoltaic market.
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